Critical Analysis of Pharm.D in India Essay

SUMMARY Critical Analysis of Pharm.D. in India: Exploring the Way Ahead INTRODUCTION: Pharmacy education in India was mainly focused on pharmaceutical science courses rather than clinical/pharmacotherapeutic courses until 2008, when Pharm.D. was introduced and began to be offered in India, to focus towards clinical and community aspects. The study was conducted to analyse the current scenario of Pharm.D. in India and look at possible issues & options. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study is to find out the current status of Pharm.D. from students’ perspective and to identify the need of Pharm.D. as a part of Pharmacy Education System in India. Addressing the possible shortcomings and give probable suggestions to improve the scope of the same. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: The study comprises of an extensive secondary research and also a primary research to understand the current scenario of Pharm.D. from students’ point of view. A literature survey was done to study the introduction and status of Pharm.D. curriculum in India and the achievement of Pharm.D. in western countries. Various journals and publications from the database engines of Ebsco, Emerald & Google Scholar were studied and referred to analyse the evolution and future of Pharm.D. Also, a primary research was conducted in Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka. The selection of survey location (MCOPS) was done on the basis of a combined list from ‘India’s Best Pharma Colleges’ (Careers 360 July 2011 Edition) and ‘Institutes offering Pharm.D. and Pharm.D. (Post Baccalaureate) Courses’ (Published by Pharmacy Council of India). A questionnaire was made on a 5 point Likert Scale and circulated online amongst the students of MCOPS. The responses were analysed by using the online softwares of Survey Monkey survey portal. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: Out of 130 respondents to the survey, a total of 109(83.83%) respondents said that the curriculum of Pharm.D in India is justifiable for healthcare sector and 97 (74.61%) said that the internship of Pharm.D students meets the requirements of the hospitals/Clinical Research Organisation. 24 responses (18.46%) opposed the opinion of providing the prescribing rights to the Pharm.D. graduates and 69(37.69%) voiced that such a right, if provided, will not be accepted by the doctor community. Figure 1 is indicative of the above stated data. FIGURE 1 Closed ended questions were put to investigate the probable reason(s) for Pharm.D. lagging in India from the west. 115 responders (n=130) said that the Pharm.D. graduates will not be accepted by the Doctors’ Community. 112 responders said that the exposure to clinical pharmacy was less and 117 were pessimistic about the awareness on pharmacy profession in India. The interpretation of the survey results shows that one of the probable reasons of selection of Pharm.D. course by students was the alluring tag of a ‘Doctor’. However, the critical analyses lead to a consensus of lack of required clinical exposure and knowledge of the field of diagnosis and therapeutics. If the Pharm.D. program can incorporate a few alterations in the curriculum and develop a practice-based academic unit bridging the pharmacy practice with academia, there is great hope for the Pharm.D. program in India. CONCLUSION: The findings of the survey revealed that the exposure of the Pharm.D. students to the clinical and diagnostic aspect of the therapeutic system needs to be increased. Efforts need to be put in to increase the awareness of Pharm.D., and also the Pharmacy profession in India on the whole. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Subal C Basak, Dondeti Sathyanarayana. Pharmacy Education in India. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010 May 12; 74(4): 68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879119/ (Accessed on-September 8, 2012) 2. Patil JS, Kulkarni RV, Marapur SC, Dalavi VV. Introducing Pharm.D. Programme in India: A Need of the Day. Indian J. of Pharm. Pract. 2(3), Jul-Sep, 2009. Available from: http://www.ijopp.org/pdf/ijopp_vol_2_3_Jul-Sep2009.pdf#page=13 (Accessed on-September 5, 2012) 3. Claire Anderson, Billy Futter. Pharm.D. or Needs Based Education: Which Comes First?. Am J Pharm Educ. 2009 August 28; 73(5): 92. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739075/ (Accessed on-September 12, 2012)

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE I. History A. Discovery of â€Å"transformation† – a change in genotype and phenotype due to the uptake of external DNA by a cell 1. Griffith 1920s did experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae (p294 fig16. 2) a. took two strains of S. pneumoniae, one virulent, one not b. heat killed virulent strain, then mixed them with the living nonvirulent strain c. living nonvirulent strain became virulent d. nonvirulent strain took on virulent strain’s DNA ? became virulent e. see p294 fig16. 2 S strain = virulent, R = nonvirulent f. ventually Griffith’s work lead way to more studies on DNA being the carrier of genetic info. B. Proof that viral DNA and not viral protein contains genetic information to make more viral particles 1. Hershey and Chase 1950s p295 fig16. 4 a. knew that viruses could infect bacteria and make more viruses using the host cell’s replicating ‘machinery’ b. background: sulfur gets incorporat ed into virus’ protein/phosphorus into virus’ DNA c. took T4 (bacteriophage) and plated with a lawn of E. coli and radioactively labeled sulfur, result = T4 with radioactive labeled protein (DNA not labeled) d. took T4 and plated with E. oli and radioactively labeled phosphorus = T4 with radioactively labeled DNA (protein not labeled) e. background: when virus + bacteria is spun down, viral particles in supernatant and bacteria in pellet f. took T4 (S-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found S-radioactive labels in supernatant g. took T4 (P-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found P-radioactive labels in pellet h. result = it’s the DNA that’s injected into the host to make more virus (even plated these spun down pellet bacteria, and they lysed and released new virus C. Discovery of the structure of DNA 1. Watson and Crick a. used an x-ray crystallography picture (p297) by Franklin to determine DNA as a double-helical structure b. review p298 – A pairs with T and G with C/ A and G are purines and C and T are pyrimidines/double hydrogen bonds between A and T, and triple between G and C II. DNA Replication A. 3 models of DNA replication p300 fig 16. 10 1. Conservative model – the parental helix splits, copies, then goes back together again to remain intact while a second entirely new copy is made 2. Semiconservative model – the parental helix splits, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes 3. Dispersive model – the parental helix splits unevenly, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes but in pieces B. Experimental proof p300 fig16. 11 1. added radioactively labeled heavy nitrogen to replicating bacteria, then placed this culture into radioactively labeled light nitrogen (used to distinguish strands) 2. allowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid DNA strands (ruled out conservative model) (note: both hybrids half and half and totally mixed look the same, so semiconservative and dispersive models both upheld this time- see below) 3. llowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid strands and only light double strands (ruled out dispersive model since all should be mixed if this was right) C. Origins of replication p301 fig16. 12 1. origin of replication – site where DNA replication begins a. proteins recognize a specific sequence on the template DNA, open the dsDNA to make a bubble, and begin replication b. replication fork †“ location on DNA strand where new DNA strand is growing 1. prokaryotes plasmid (single circular dsDNA helix) have one origin of replication and replication occurs in both directions 2. ukaryotes have linear dsDNA have many origins and replication occurs in both directions D. Elongation of new DNA 1. DNA polymerase – enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the growing strand 2. DNA polymerase receives energy to do this by nucleotides being nucleoside triphosphate (CTP, GTP, ATP, TTP) since they lose Pii = exergonic reaction to supply energy E. DNA is antiparallel p302 1. carbon numbering – carbon attached to base is 1’, count clockwise, carbon attached to phosphate group is 3’, carbon attached to other phosphate group is 5’ 2. be able to find 5’ vs 3’ end . (p302 fig 16. 14) replication occurs 5’ ? 3’, so strand being made in this direction is called the leading strand and replication occurs toward the replication fork 4. lagging strand is replication that occurs 5’ ? 3’ but replication moves away from the replication fork a. lagging strand produces Okazaki fragments which must be connected with DNA ligase p303 fig 16. 15 F. Priming DNA synthesis (getting replication started) p303 fig16. 15 1. primer – existing RNA polynucleotide on the template DNA strand since DNA polymerase cannot just start adding new nucleotides on its own a. rimer is laid down by enzyme primase b. only one primer required for leading strand to begin synthesizing/new RNA primer required for each lagging strand beginning c. DNA polymerase eventually replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA ones and occurs before ligase connects any lagging DNA strands G. Other assisting proteins 1. helicase – enzyme that unwinds dsDNA at the replication form 2. single-strand binding proteins – hold apart template DNA while replication occurs **FINAL GOOD SUMMARY P304 fig 16. 16 III. DNA Proofreading and Repair A. Mismatch repair 1. as DNA polymerase lays down nucleotides, if it notices a mismatched one to template, will remove and replace with correct one 2. Excision repair p305 fig16. 17: consists of nuclease – enzyme that can cut out damaged segments of a DNA strand, then new nucleotides are filled in based on what the other DNA strand sequence is by DNA polymerase and ligase IV. Replication of the ends of DNA strands p306 fig16. 18 A. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a 3’ end (since it grows in a 5’ ? 3’ direction) B. For lagging strand, there is no problem since it replaces RNA primer and joins DNA with ligase C. For leading strand, there is a problem, since the 3’ end of the template strand has a RNA primer, which cannot be replaced with DNA nucleotides (by DNA polymerase) since there is no 3’ end to start from (DNA polymerase cannot just add nucleotides opposite of the DNA template strand – must use a RNA primer) D. This results in successive replicated strands becoming shorter and shorter – the remedy? E. Telomeres – eukaryotic cells have short repetitive nucleotide sequences that do not code for anything 1. elomeres protect the cell from false alarms that there is DNA damage and cause the cell to die since losing these ends don’t mean anything (note that prokaryotes do not have this problem since their DNA is circular with no â€Å"end†) 2. but when telomeres are lost, are they replaced? Yes by telomerase – enzyme that works in conjuncti on with DNA polymerase to add length to telomeres a. p306 fig16. 19 have shortened â€Å"just made† DNA strand b. telomerase is associated with an RNA strand and DNA polymerase c. telomerase lines up the RNA strand with the 3’ DNA strand to serve as a template to have the 3’ end grow d. hen the RNA strand serves as a primer for new growth onto the 5’ strand, then the primer is removed e. result is an elongated DNA strand that was shorted during replication *telomerase is not present in most cells of multicellular organisms (like us) *DNA of older individuals tends to be shorter *telomerase is abundant in germ line cells – those that give rise to gametes *researchers find telomerase in cancer cells – makes sense since these cells replicate often and would have very short DNA (possible cancer therapy is to target their telomerase)

Bowen and Ostroffs HRM System Strength Model Essay

Bowen and Ostroffs HRM System Strength Model - Essay Example According to the research findings, nowadays the landscape of the HRM Practices has been changed quite significantly In existing highly competitive and dynamic business environment no business organization can be succeeded without the intensive support of its employees. In this regard, business organizations have started to be more concentrated on the making its Human Resource Management system more effective and strong. For this purpose, different theories and frameworks have been articulated towards making the HRM systems of a business organization more effective strong. The paper explains some crucial aspects of this HRM system strength model. Moreover, the essay also discusses some positive as well as negative aspects of the model so that an effective critical evaluation of the system can be presented in the most effective manner. For the purpose of explaining the disposition of HRM in the existing period of time, there are a number of different theoretical perspective. Among suc h HR related theories, HRM system strength model articulated by Bowen and Ostroff can be considered quite crucial and effective model. This model is based on the attribution theory of Kelley, which states that the degree of distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus are prime factors associated with the situation, which directs people to change their attribute. The Bowen and Ostroff’s HRM system strength model can be considered as an extension of attribute theory. The scholars further classified the attributes, i.e. distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus, as illustrated in the Attribute theory of Kelley.

Cancer Chemotherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cancer Chemotherapy - Essay Example The nature of cancer is one that has been the easis of much research and even scrutiny. Cancer is a chronic, metabolic disease...that is obvious. It isn't an infectious disease, which is caused by bacteria of viruses. It is a disease that is metabolic in origin. A metabolic disease is a disease that is linked with our utilization of food. Most metabolic diseases have as their basis specific vitamins and minerals. Let me give you a categorical or axiomatic truth to take with you. One that is totally uncontradictable, scientifically, historically and in every other way. This is that no chronic or metabolic disease in the history of medicines has ever been prevented or cured, except by factors normal to the diet or normal to the animal economy. There have been many erstwhile fatal devastating diseases that now have become virtually unknown. They have been prevented and cured by ingesting the dietary factors and thereby preventing the deficiencies, which accounted for these diseases. (Kr ebs) Cancer is a chronic, metabolic disease...that is obvious. It isn't an infectious disease, which is caused by bacteria of viruses. It is a disease that is metabolic in origin. A metabolic disease is a disease that is linked with our utilization of food. ... There have been many erstwhile fatal devastating diseases that now have become virtually unknown. They have been prevented and cured by ingesting the dietary factors and thereby preventing the deficiencies, which accounted for these diseases. . (Krebs,) science brings us face to face with a lot of things we do not like to face. We have become over-civilized. We are inclined in out delusory thinking to feel that here and there must be a magic out. That there must be a simple way, a short cut, that somehow or other medical science or some other man-made forces beyond our comprehension will do for us those things we must do for ourselves. And it is slowly dawning on us, perhaps too slowly that this thinking is fraudulent; that it is unsound. (Budwig) With new computing power and knowledge, scientists hope to develop lifesaving drugs more quickly and with better results (Sheridan) It took 115 years from the first description of blood cancer in 1845 until the discovery of a genetic abnormality instrumental in the disease. Now, 41 years later, a new drug, Gleevec, seems to be the first to offer promise as a treatment. powerful drugs just beginning to be tested for similar glimpses of potential will join Gleevec and hundreds of other drugs in the years ahead. But where do these drugs come from To the public, it may seem like a trial-and-error process of chemical guesswork, but cancer drug discovery has come a long way," says Nouri Neamati, Ph.D., assistant professor of pharmaceutical sciences in the USC School of Pharmacy and the USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center. "Drug discovery has entered a new era, with not only better

Analysis of the Present and the Future Based on History Essay

Analysis of the Present and the Future Based on History - Essay Example He predicts that no shots will be fired, instead the three imperial rivals will woo and coerce, relying on distinct styles. The United States bids military protection, along with the promise of democracy and human rights. The European Union hangs down the prospect of affiliation with the world’s most successful economic club. China talks trade, investment and infrastructure projects with its would-be client states. (Khanna 09) Mr Kotkin is an optimist urban scholar. In stark contrast to Mr Khanna’s â€Å"Second World†, Mr. Kotkin in his book "The Next Hundred Million," looked deep into the opportunities America has to maintain it rule as a world power in the future. He shed light on the facts like Americas population is expected to expand dramatically in coming decades and points to a slowly rising birth rate and to the continuing in-migration of young workers from poorer countries. Apart from this he mentioned that most of Americas population growth between 2000 and 2050 will be in its racial minorities providing it a wide ethnic diversity unmatched to any other developed regions in the world. Mr. Kotkin in translates population growth into economic vitality, the capacity to create wealth, raise the standard of living and meet the burdens of future commitments. Thus in relative terms a country with a youthful demographic enjoys a big advantage over its global counterparts. In the upcoming decades most of the developed countries in both Europe and Asia will transform into old-age homes due to the stagnant population growth. And thus the state apparatus of such economies will face crushing pension obligations and without the young workers cost couldn’t be defrayed. (Kotkin 11) In one sense the two books contradict each other, Mr. Khanna in the â€Å"Second World" argues that the United States is in decline as a World

Modern Political Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Modern Political Theory - Essay Example The understanding of natural law is that it necessarily distinguishes between laws of nature and those that have been artificially created by society, with the latter referring to the positive law. Locke understood that one of the main differentiating features between these is that natural law exists throughout all cultures, while a positive law is experienced only through specific social or governmental designations (Dunn). Another prominent consideration Locke made in regards to natural law was in relation to theological elements. Locke distinguished between religious law and natural law, as natural law is the law that emerges solely through the process of human reason and rationality. One recognizes that whereas natural law reveals itself to the individual through rationality, the religious law implies a divine revelation as the primary substantiation. For instance, while there are elements of the Ten Commandments that are recognized elements of the natural law, there are also ele ments that are not applicable to all humanity. In these regards, Locke’s understanding of natural law in relation to theology was the recognition that while there may be a divine entity that establishes laws that overlap with natural law, they are only considered natural law if they can be determined through human reason (Forde). Notably, Locke believed that when the Bible or religious principles went beyond or conflicted with the natural law they were improperly formulated; as such, Locke chose to interpret the Bible in accord with natural law. To a large extent, Locke’s perspective on natural law in relation to religious law is formulated within the voluntarism and intellectualism debate. While Locke highly emphasizes the importance of rational understanding to the establishment of natural law, he also makes a number of prominent statements that seemingly supports theological perspectives on social obligations. For instance, in the Essay Concerning Human Understandin g Locke argues that laws need have an individual lawgiver. In the Essays on the Law of Nature, Locke argues that individuals have an obligation to abide by their creator (Forde). It seems that for Locke the question of natural law then becomes a voluntarist in regards to the reasons humans should follow natural law, but remains highly rationalistic in the means by which a perspective establishes what constitutes natural law. One must also consider Locke’s understanding of natural law as to whether he believed the predominant elements were rights or duties the individual must follow. It seems to a great degree most theorists believe that Locke’s notion of natural law is that it generally refers to aspects of human rights. In these regards, Locke is believed to have adopted a view of human nature that as motivated by hedonistic impulses. As humans are predominantly motivated by such self-interest the natural need for human self-preservation supersedes any types of duties by which humans might be restricted. Still, other theorists believe that Locke was also concerned with natural law as prescribing moral duties to humanity. To a degree, such a different appear semantic. Consider that argued that some of the core elements of the natural law were life, liberty, and property.

Total Rewards Program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Total Rewards Program - Case Study Example g back to several millennia in ancient China and the fabled old city of Babylon under Hammurabi (1750 B.C.E.); a key concept of insurance as a form of protection against any financial losses has stayed the same all throughout from ancient times to modern times. Another vital concept in modern insurance is the use of statistical data and probabilities to determine insurance rates, using actuarial science. In this regard, it has become almost an entirely mechanical process, using powerful computers to determine the risk premiums suitable for an insurable risk, to be able to produce a profit. The original use of insurance was to protect traders who transport their goods using the sometimes treacherous or dangerous river rapids in ancient China from a possible sinking of the boat carrying the goods. In the probability a boat had capsized, the indemnification a trader gets from the insurance will ensure he can rise again financially. In Babylon, the concept of insurance had a much different application. A sea merchant whose ship sinks in the Mediterranean Sea can expect to recoup his losses, because he had paid a premium on the loan to finance his expedition. That extra premium will enable the lender to cancel the loan in case of a ship sinking. In todays capitalist, free-market environment, insurance coverage extends to many situations, such as life, car, boat, condominium unit, motorcycle, or anything of value, even the health of a person. Insurance is a financial product that needs to be sold aggressively, as opposed to other consumer products which people simply buy on their own initiative. Unless it is mandated, as in the case of the new health insurance coverage as required by law under the health reform act, it is a product that most people would rather do without, as premium payment is an added expense. It is therefore important for an insurance firm to have a wide network of sales agents who will push its insurance policies, preferably exclusively with

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Response paper - Essay Example And so will I be. In the matrix, I am able to invoke self-awareness within me. I am able to separate my thoughts of the moment from who I actually am. These thoughts will enslave me in the real world. Not only my thoughts, but others’ thoughts will also enslave me. There is no red pill that will make me a hero that frees the humanity. I can only change myself. I can only free myself. And this is the harsh reality. I am myself in the Matrix. I get what I want. I can learn kung-fu like Neo. I can fly, stop a speeding bullet, and leap a mountain in one leap, in the Matrix. I do not want to keep finding for Oracles in the real world, who guide us which direction we should go. The Matrix means to me because it tells me that the constraints to my abilities and potential lies only in my mind, and not in reality; whereas, the real world is full of real constraints that are hard to combat. I am not forcing things to change for me in the Matrix, but am becoming self-aware of my inner se lf and talent without any limitations. Why would I like to go in the real world to face the same hardships again which Thomas Anderson faced? I cannot change the humanity and its problems. I can only change my own self and my own circumstances. There is no point going back to the real world after seeing how much powerful I was in the Matrix. I do not have control over the world and its people. I only have control on whatever is in my dominion. My hands contain my future only, and not of the whole world. Well, that may sound self-centeredness to the reader at first stance, but it is not selfishness, it is only the reality. My perception, or my decision, tells that I value my own world, which is in my command. I value myself, and will not give up the beauty of my life to indulge in something I cannot obtain. In short, I will refuse Neo that he can keep the pill to himself; rather, I would convince him to stay in the Matrix and be what he wants than going into the real

Joint Venture Essay Example for Free

Joint Venture Essay Joint Venture is a basically a mutual agreement between two companies or more to work together towards achieving a common aim, which is usually economic progress. To attain this goal, the members of the joint venture invest expertise, capital, time and equity to form a separate entity. The terms and conditions of the joint venture are bound by an agreement. One of the reasons behind joint ventures is to spread and share risks as well as expenses. For example, when an organization in one country wants to expand its business in another country, it signs up a joint venture with a local company in that country to gain regional expertise and marketing trends. This would give a company a competitive edge in reaching the market quicker than its competitors. It would also lend strategic advantages like diversification of knowledge, manpower and technologies. For instance, companies in the oil and gas industry sector usually enter into such agreements in foreign countries to market, distribute and sell their product. A joint venture can be an ideal solution in cases when two companies need each other’s expertise. In some cases, a joint venture can help bring companies dealing with products and services that compliment each other. For, instance Hardware company and Software company can enter into a joint venture to innovate a new product. Sony Ericsson is a good example of this kind of a joint venture (â€Å"Joint Venture†, 2006). But, in recent times, limited liability company (LLC) is being preferred over joint venture as a business ownership model in America, mainly due to the lower tax deduction. Moreover, LLC s almost offer all the features offered by a Joint venture. Reference: Wikipedia. (2006, July). Joint Venture. Retrieved 2006, July 30, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Joint_Venture.

History 20th Century Essay Example for Free

History 20th Century Essay The historical past of a particular country is essential in understanding its present situation as well as in planning the future. Past events served as a basis as to why particular situations happen in the present. In relation to this, lesson learned in the past also becomes a guide in order to avoid previous mistakes. Being the case, analyzing a countrys history is indeed important. These ideas also holds true in the case of the 20th century African American leadership. The era of slavery in the United States of America holds a very important part in their history. It was during the time wherein the southern region of the country capitalizes in the exportation of cotton that this slavery of African American took place. As such, maltreatment of these people happened that is characterized by the discrimination and segregation of the African Americans from the whites. This is also the reason why many African American leaders started to go against this inhumane treatment and asked for changes. Their efforts might have taken a long time before it made a difference but it was worth it. It is also essential that primary resources are use in studying and analyzing the history of African American leadership because it should be taken into consideration that majority of the people who are in power during those times as well as at the present are whites. As such, some of them are capable of manipulating the information about the African American history. Studying the leadership of these African Americans is important because they epitomize how people struggle in order to fight for their rights. They also embody a turning point in the United States history because it was due to their leadership that the country reassesses their idea of freedom and democracy. Furthermore, it plays an important role for the country to understand the present state of African Americans as well as the development and areas for improvement of the situation of these people. Moreover, the lesson learned from this experience would aid the people to make things better so that the mistakes done in the past would not happen again.

Consumer perception towards service quality of Internet banking

Consumer perception towards service quality of Internet banking To perceive customers perception towards quality aspect of services provided through remote banking channels. Objectives and scope of study: To give a detailed account of the services offered by the banks in the Banking sector through Remote Banking ( Internet banking). Perception of consumer towards the quality of Remote Banking including parameters like (Usability, Convenience, efficiency, effectiveness). To understand the level of e-banking exposure of the banking sector (private and public). To study the future prospects and scenario in line of the banking sector. Methodology: Will conduct a mail based pilot survey to find out what are the common concerns problems faced by the i-service users at present. It will also give an insight on the future expectations from remote banking services from users perspective. Collecting info. About the various services offered through Remote Banking from information available on the net, written material and by questioning /interviewing working executives of various banks. A survey to be carried out to identify what the bank service users think about the quality of Remote banking services offered using a questionnaire, on a representative sample of working executives in the age group of 20 40 yrs. Location: Auckland(CBD) ,New Market Scaling Technique : Non -Comparative Research Design : Descriptive (Cross -Sectional) Sources of Information :Primary Secondary Sample Technique: Convenient sampling Analysis on the basis of data collected through primary secondary sources and application of various marketing tools Interpretation of data. Introduction Banking sector plays a vital role in the economies world over, during the past decade the banking sector has undergone an astronomical change in terms of technology. Traditional mode of banking is fast loosing ground to one click banking(E-Banking).The figure below shows the perceived threat by the banks which are responsible for the above transformation. Substitute(customization) New Entrant Banks(Rivalry) Buyer Supplier Porters 5 Model Rivalry, competition among rival banks can drive the profit of the banking industry to zero. Industry concentration is a real term indicator of the extent of rivalry in the industry. In USA alone there are approximately 7000 banks with around 82000 branched at end of 2008.Chinas top banks constituted to around 67000 branched, there are around 129 different banks in Japan and finally the combined number of different branches in UK, Francs and Germany exceeded 30000(Wikipedia). With effective use of technology(Introducing e-commerce, mobile banking), a bank can improve its distribution and communication channels thus creating a niche in the minds of the customer, other banks have to follow suit to maintain the competitive advantage. Substitute, threat of a substitute exists when the price elasticity of a product is affected, due to abundance of similar type of product offering. There are a lots of banks operating across the banking industry all round the world. Customizing product offering or upgrading the already existing financial product is a common practice(Jayawardhena Paul Foley). These innovations in product development and delivering was a pivotal factor for the banks to adopt internet related tools in day to day operations. New Entrants, due to the increase number of players within the banking industry, the purchasing power of the buyers have increased many folds (Jayawardhena Paul Foley). With a wide spread use of technology and internet adoption there exists ample opportunities for financial companies and other new entrants to reach the target customers and show their uniqueness in terms of product offerings. Perceiving the actual advantage of using internet technology for reaching the customer, product offering, banking operations becomes all the more important for the participating players of the industry. Buyers, customers of a bank, are perhaps the most important assets of a bank. Increased number of choices across the banking industry leaves the customer with ample of choices. Banks in order to retain their customers and increase the customer base have to rely on internet based technology. Previous studies indicate that the educated class forms the majority users of internet, they are high network individuals. Banks unable to respond to the demands of a these customers for a new product may end up loosing them to the competitors. Enabling mass communication using internet technology by the banks can create a niche mind share of the customer. It also makes the customer feel important, when it comes to customizing a new product. Internet technology is also a centralized and efficient mode of advertising for the banks (Jayawardhena Paul Foley). Supplier, operational banks in the sector. With an increased number of financial services provider in the banking sector, it often becomes a head ache for the customers to choose. Customers of the bank are aware that switching their bank would lead to altering product requirements and switching cost(Michael E. Porter). Internet enabled tools like Siebel internet banking , sales platform are used by the banks to maintain transparency with the customers. Creating products after taking in the requirements of the customers acts as a tool for retaining customers. From the banks point of view using internet technologies has multiple added advantages . Cost saving, using virtual channels proves 11 times cheaper than using a physical channel for service delivery (Jayawardhena Paul Foley), this is done through proper utilization of the workforce and economic resources. Services Offered Services Type Service Core Banking Balance Statements(account) Transfer funds Account opening Applying for loan Applying for mortgages Applying for credit cards Applying for Insurance Subscribe for mutual funds Customer oriented Manage Reward Points Bill payment(Misc) Railway Reservation E-Freight services Demand Draft Intimidating loss of ATM card Excise payment online Internet banking is a fast evolving mode of product delivery, in which the service provider(Bank) and the service user(Customers) are not present at the same place at the same time. E-banking services are also called, anywhere, anytime services because services are available over the internet 247. These services are discreet and fully personalized as the service user is just a click away from using the desired services. Banks provide two separate types of internet services namely Core banking services(Traditional), offered through traditional banking channels and miscellaneous customer oriented, to make banks a one stop destination for water, electricity bill payments or paying excise duty or income tax, online ticketing for railways and paying freight cost for transferring of goods. Perception of consumer towards the quality of Remote Banking including parameters(Chapter-1) The term quality in the present aspect may have different meaning from one respondent to another. Below are some of the aspects of quality that would be discussed in advance in my survey. Aspects Properties Performance Up to date Information Response time Download time Complete Product Info. Tutorial / Demonstration Help Function Features Online Registration Transfer between bank Other Language Keep data safe Require encryption (SSL) 24 hours 7 days Innovation features Reliability Require Authentication Limit to change data Complete data Correct Link Manage font display Clear Instructions Conformance Product Information Locating Information How Informative Explains Symbol Internal Connection System Responsiveness Durability Announce Information Complete Display System Performance Continue to Use Connection failed Able to fix problem Serviceability Search Function Navigation menu/ buttons Online Help Communication with Security Rapidly Services Quality aspect of Internet banking has two prime perspective: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ customer perspective à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ bank perspective Customer perspective From customers perspective, the service quality has two aspects, the expected quality (before use) and the perceived quality (after use). Expected quality is based on the expectation of the customer which are further based on self-belief about a certain service used in the past or experience of others and finally by the general image of the service provider in the market. Perceived quality, the impression that is formed after realization of the service by the customer. The difference between the two aspects throws light on the level of customer satisfaction. Providers perspective From the providers side, there are again two aspects, quality targeted and the quality delivered. Quality targeted to the customers is based on an internal conformation of standards, rules and regulation framework . Delivered quality works on an external framework which further depend on the communication and product delivery channels. Survey Details Sources of data collection Questionnaires Tele -Interview SAMPLING We have used convenience sampling technique. It is also called haphazard or accidental sampling. Members of the population are chosen based on their relative ease of access. Sometimes called grab or opportunity sampling, this is the method of choosing items arbitrarily and in an unstructured manner from the frame. Though almost impossible to treat rigorously, it is the method most commonly employed in many practical situations. Sample Unit: Internet Users Sample Technique: Convenient sampling Sample Area: AUT(City Campus) Sample Size: 25 TOOLS Statistical : SPSS Techniques :Chi ^2 test of goodness of fit Interpretation of the data collected Chapter-3 The sample survey carried out to critically analyze the utility ,advantages and disadvantages of E-banking services offered by the banks in the Indian Banking scenario yielded the following results. SWOT Analysis(E-banking) Strengths More than 87% of the people are satisfied with e-banking facilities provided by the bank which they use so already a good user base is present 83% of the respondent feel satisfied with the response time of the banks to answer their queries so already a good IT enabled communication system is in place 80% of the respondents find the usage of the E-banking services through the official site of the bank an easy process , thus the facilities catches the eye of more potential customers Regular updation facility provided by the banks E-banking wing also finds the customers nod with about 75% respondents availing full advantage of the service, this shows the presence of an excellent internet based application and maintenance of proper database of the customers About 69% of the respondent are happy with the innovative features of E-banking services like (E-Tax payment, e-freight services) ,this shows that the E-banking wing is constantly in touch with the needs of the customers . Weakness Connectivity to the sites a major problem for 54% of the respondents as they complain that sometime they could not log onto the sites, so internet access on the side of the customer is a problem Only about 38% of the respondent feel comfortable leaving their credit card numbers on the net for availing facility like the E-bill service , so security standards in some of the banks is a major set back The Inter/Intra bank fund transfer facility is a also a set back for the banks as the internal connectivity is not very strong, the respondents have complained of a particular bank not accepting the cheque of another bank on certain occasions. Only about 36% have so far not encountered such type of a problem Opportunities Have a great opportunity to spread the remote banking services to rural and second and third tier cities through net and mobile banking facilities With the type of investment done in the remote banking wings of the banks better and full proof security and privacy features could be provided to the users in the near future Emergence of open standards for banking functionality. Growing customer awareness and need of transparency Threats A common mistake made by end users is believing that their online banking session is perfectly safe when they use an SSL connection. Fake website pop-ups and malicious code running inside the web browser can extract key information about a particular user and dent the confidence of the customers A threat of virus act cannot be ruled out that can lead to loss of important information threats like hacking, faking etc cannot be ruled out. E-banking exposure of the leading private and public sectors In this section we try to compare the level of e-banking exposure in private(Stakes controlled by individual stake holders) and public sector banks(majority stakes held by the government). It is perceived that private bank users get better service in terms of efficiency, technology and staff willingness to work(Peter Kangis). It was also noted that the younger, tech savvy and urban population favored the private banks and rated them highly on the technology usage(Peter Kangis).Below is an example of Indian banking industry, it shows the internet technology acceptance level in the two types of banking systems Indian Contextà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Pooja Malhotra and Balwinder Singh) The data covers around 57 banks which operational at the end of the 2005 financial year. There were about 30 private sector banks and 27 public sector/nationalized banks in the study. The study takes into account several factor like age, size of the banks. We concentrate on the type aspect of the study, below is a model to explain the extent of e-banking exposure. It was found out that in general the private sector banks and the multi national banks(MNB) are better adopters on internet the technology than the public / nationalized banks. (Pooja Malhotra and Balwinder Singh) PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE(PLC) Public Sector Bank(Chapter-6) Product Life C The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is used to map the lifespan of a product(Internet Banking). There are generally four stages in the life of a product. These four stages are the Introduction stage, the Growth stage, the Maturity stage and the Decline stage. The following graph illustrates the four stages of the PLC. Public Sector Bank Stage :(Introduction stage) Characteristics: Among the public sector banks 48 % of banks offered Internet banking, however only 15 % offer fully transactional Internet banking. Only 15% of the banks are capable of managing an E-wing in the bank. Pioneer Banks like the Canara Bank has absolutely no internet banking services available to its strong customer base The customer base for the public sector bank mainly comprise of the rural population so the internet exposure is limited. The idea of the nationalized bank becoming a HI-TECH(e-Banking) has not really sunk into the customers mind , they still symbolize the banks as the pillars of authentic traditional banking service providers. Most of the common E-banking services like Instant loan, intimating loss of credit cards, fund transfer are still not fully functional. Intra-Bank Networking(connectivity between two branches ) of a bank has not been fully set up though they plan to complete the work by 2012(Basel 2 norms) Obstacles in the form of a lack of regulatory framework, a mindset attuned towards opposing technology, inadequate computerization and highly politicized unions are holding back the nationalized banks. Private Sector Bank Stage:(Growth Stage) Characteristics: More than 55% of the private sector banks operating in India provide e-banking services to its customers. Among the private sector banks 50 percent of banks offer Internet banking, however only 33 percent of banks are fully transactional banks. Cost of supporting Internet Banking in the private sector banks have been reducing steadily as the banks adopted E-banking as early as 1996 Almost 85% of the present customer base of the bank is urban based with more than 98% of the customers regularly use some form of e-banking services Cost of maintain the traditional banking functions have declined considerably The profit and the revenue earned by the banks with the adoption of e-banking has been increasing at a constant rate The number of ATMS In the urban areas have already outnumbered its PSB counterparts thus making the private sector banks more technology oriented Future prospects of e-banking in India Banks and other financial institutions across the globe are in a constant ever evolving process of virtualizing there banking and financial operations. Most of the big multinational companies, banks have already put a lot of IT enabled infrastructure in place and in turn a reaping benefits like, grater reach to the customers, increased customer loyalty, customization of the products etc. Internet banking is changing the face of the banking industry, and instead of being nice to have it is fast becoming a need to have technology to stay competitive in the industry. Future challenges Banks in the process of reaping profits from the deployment of internet technology assets and development do not pay heed to the post development issues like security, satisfaction of the customers, site maintenance. (Adel M. Aladwani). Other important challenges include the legal implication, customers privacy, enough IT infrastructure. Regulatory issues also form a major concern, of which little concern is taken by branch operation managers. At present the usage of internet technology in the banking sector is still in a very early stage and at the moment focus is more on the management issues rather than the post management discussed above (Adel M. Aladwani). Some of the key challenges that have to be researched upon in future include: Customers and other market forces roles in the adoption of internet based banking Identifying key forces that lead to customer satisfaction What is required to gain the trust of the customers The legal policies and frameworks for supporting online banking ops Effective techniques to secure and audit online transections Road Ahead B2B (Retail product applications) A greater impact on the banks profits is likely to come from business to business and business to retail product applications. The products under development globally currently include Electronic Bill Presentment (EBP) and Procurement systems. EBP will allow issuers of bills to present them to the customers on-line. The EBP intermediary will get to collect fees for this and will also gain valuable customer information that will be useful for future marketing and product development. Procurement services will allow direct buying by one company from another and the fees again will be collected by the intermediary. Changes in the present SERVICULE PROCESS Besides banks, non-financial companies like IBM and Microsoft are also working on developing similar commercial financial products. Transactions that were earlier routed through banks could now go through non-financial intermediaries. This development is a serious threat to the banks traditional grip on the global payments system. Erosion of the dominance of the banks in the financial system would be an inevitable consequence of internet penetration. Standardization of the Financial products Due to a fierce competition to gain market shares, prices of financial products would initially be dictated by what the competitors are offering rather than any predetermined pricing policy of the firm. Heavy price-cutting and price wars may be seen. In the long run, the pricing strategy will prove to be a major challenge in both banking and non-banking sectors because some consistency in prices between (low cost) on-line services and other (high cost) traditional distribution channels will have to be maintained. Strategic alliances The scale of operations required in order to exploit the new technology successfully would have to be large, and there are few players, even in the developed countries that have the required size. Intermediaries will most likely form alliances with other parties in order to offer a broader range of services. New innovative product packages will be developed to woo customers. This way companies will be able to leverage their existing base of customers to broaden existing relationships and also reach new customers.

Hernan Cortes :: essays research papers

Hernan Cortes was born in 1485 in a town called Medellin in Extremadura. It talks about little of his child hood and little about his young life except that he studied law at the University of Salamanca. His law school years were cut short in 1501 when he decided to try his luck in the New World. He sailed from Santo Domingo in the Spring of 1504. After he had got there in 1511 he joined he Spanish Soldier and Administrator Diego Velasquez in the conquest of Cuba, and there he became alcalde or mayor of Santiago de Cuba. In 1518 he persuaded Velasquez to give him command to the expedition of Mexico. Juan de Grijalva, nephew of Velasquez, had discovered the mainland the year before by the Spanish soldier and explorer Fernandez de Cobia and. On February 19, 1519 Cortes set sail west from Cuba even though Velasquez cancelled his pay because of suspicion that Cortes would find himself independent and refuse to take order. Cortes took with him about 600 men, less than 20 horses, and 10 field pieces. Cortes sailed along the east coast of Yucatan and in March 1519 landed in Mexico. Cortes neutralized the town of Tabasco. The artillery, the ships, and especially the horses awed the natives. From these people of Tabasco Cortes learned about the Aztecs and their ruler Montezuma II. Cortes took lots of captives one of which they baptized and renamed Marina. She became his lover and out of loyalty to him became his interpreter, Translator, Guide, and Counselor. Finding a better harbor a little North of San Juan they established a town called La Villa Rica De La Vera Cruz, which literally translates to The Rich Village Of The Vera Cruz. This was later called just Varacruz. Cortes did what Velasquez that he would do, and abandoned the authority of everybody except the king and queen. Cortes was a strategical thinker and destroyed his group of vessels in order to prevent small forces from opposing him and returning to Cuba to tell Velasquez. At about this time Cortes started his famous march inland even after negotiations with Montezuma. Montezuma tried to persuade Cortes not to enter the capital city of Tenochtitlan but Cortes was good at not following directions. Cortes overcame the native tribe Tlascalans. This tribe quickly became an alliance to the Spanish because they were enemies to the Aztecs.

Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

Setting is the physical environment in which action occurs. It is a common literary element of every story. However, when it is used eloquently, it can be seen as brilliant device that aids in the development of a story. In the novel Lord of the Flies, the author, William Golding, focuses on depicting his setting in great detail. Throughout the novel, he utilizes the setting to motivate character behavior, foreshadow events that will take place, and also to represent the values held by the characters. At the beginning of the novel, the characters discover that they are stranded on an island with no other humans. Since all of the characters are children, they are inexperienced on how to handle grave situations. Considering they are all by themselves, their environment forcefully arranges them into two groups. One of the groups is the hunters which will go out and kill animals for food. This group must be created, otherwise, all the characters shall die. The boy who will take on this challenge will be Jack. Jack, at the beginning of the novel, was a very considerate and caring. An example of this takes place in chapter one where he is about to kill a pig but did not have the heart to do it. However as the novel proceeds, his environment, the forest, and his new role of hunter will change him to an uncaring, selfish savage. The other group that will co-exist is one that will stay behind and do non-violent work such as building huts or creating weapons. As a result of having two groups within the whole, a leader must emerge in order to keep the two groups working efficiently. Since there is no adult on the island to take on the responsibility, the character’s environment once again forces them to elect a leader. The person who is elected is Ralph. He is forced to be organized and insightful on how to keep everyone alive. This is shown through him organizing a way for people to voice their opinions in his meetings. It is also shown through him suggesting that they build shelter and appointing people to take on certain parts in that task. Golding also uses the setting in order to foreshadow events that will happen or actions of characters. At the beginning of the novel, he illustrates the island in a fashion that makes it seem heavenly.

A Report on E-Marketing Computers

This essay reports on the current activity in e-marketing computers. It discusses the English language markets. in particularly in the US and UK.The three companies considered here are Apple, Hewlett Packard (HP) and Dell, all regarded as notable exponents of e-marketing. The conclusion drawn is that e-marketing alone is not as yet a viable strategy for this industry in general but it has been a successful approach when marketing solely to corporate customers.Industry BackgroundThe computer industry within the English-speaking world is made up of only a few suppliers of any size. During 2005 the worldwide shipments of PCs grew in volume by over 16% according to IDC, and by 9% in terms of value. The Austin, Texas firm Dell supplies more PCs worldwide than any other company – 18.1% of the market against HP, the number two, at 14.9%.The next largest suppliers are Lenovo (ex IBM) at 7.7%, Gateway, Acer and Fujitsu/Siemens, each having less than 5%. All of these companies’ c omputers use Microsoft’s Windows operating system. The core functionality they deliver to the user is therefore essentially identical.Apple Computer, which had around 3.5% of the world PC market in 2005, ships cmputers that run its own operating system – MacOS. Whereas Apple sells most of its notebooks to individual users, Dell sells most of its product to corporate clients, as does HP but to a lesser extent.The Windows/PC world is one where prices continually decline while performance and hardware functionality improve. Hardware is manufactured almost exclusively in the Far East while software in the English Language markets originates almost entirely from the USA. Increasingly the actual computing function is being treated as a commodity with only increased memory and faster performance as differentiators.This can be expected to change to a degree when (Vista) the next generation of Microsoft’s OS becomes deployed. At this time the major product differentiator s tends to be graphics performance, screen size/quality and connectivity options.The combined result under Vista should be a new emphasis on the entertainment functionality of the computer and its potentially growing value as a intra-household communications controller.Defining e-marketingBefore discussing e-marketing in this industry, we need to select a definition of ‘marketing’. One which will suffice is:-â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives.† (Boone and Kurtz)A Google search for a definition of e-marketing produces the following results –â€Å"Moving elements of marketing strategies and activities to a computerized, networked environment such as the Internet. It is the strategic process of creating, distributing, promoting, and prici ng goods and services to a target market over the Internet or through digital tools.†¨ (aede.osu.edu/programs/e-agbiz/pageglossary/main.html)Any marketing effort that contains a website URL. This could range from direct mail programs, magazine ads, radio to business cards.E-marketing can be simply defined as â€Å"Achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology.†Ã‚   (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-marketing)Of these definitions I prefer the last on the basis that e-marketing is still at such an early stage in its development that an all-embracing, detailed definition suggests the user is promoting e-marketing as a solution rather than describing it. Part of the objectives of this essay is to examine how many of the functions listed in the definition of ‘marketing’ are equally viable for ‘e-marketing’.The Origins of E-marketingThe origins of e-marketing can be traced back to the 1990’s to the era of ‘dot. com’ companies who sought to place all of their promotional activities on the Internet. In those days a distinction was drawn between traditional ‘bricks and mortar’ retailers and on-line ‘etailers’- the dot.coms.Today, while there are still companies whose existence depends heavily upon the resources of the internet, few major companies follow the dot.com route. There has been a negative impact on such users as a result of the scores of dot.com failures.Unless a company using the dot.com approach succeeds in creating the impression that it is stable and financially sound, there are barriers to overcome to create trust between suppliers and the company, and between the would-be customers and the company. (The outstanding dot.com success story is that of Amazon.com).This leads to a sense that it takes a viable, established ‘bricks and mortar’ company which is already well-known to have an e-marketing system that will be considered credibl e.   However it seems that all major and public companies now have some form of internet presence, a web page, even if its marketing functionality is limited to an email address for enquiries to ‘info’, ‘sales’ or ‘support’.Why use the Term ‘E-’?E-marketing falls into a range of new variants of communication activities – e-commerce, e-mail, e-learning, e-research, e-publishing. Essentially each of these terms describes a familiar function that can now be carried out using the communications medium of the internet. Just as a change of language can change the way the speaker expresses his thoughts and how the reader understands the message, so the use of a different communication technology can add to or subtract from the value proposition being presented.By the same token, it has been necessary for practitioners to learn how to use this communications medium to communicate their message, and to learn to understand how their messaging is perceived through this medium..

Demonstrating communication skills Essay

Communication with employees will guarantee alignment with the organization’s overall strategy (mission- vision- goals). Supervisors could use internal communication to provide a supportive working environment with a clear set of expectations for all staff. As a result employees will have a better understanding of the decisions made by the organizations, so supervisors could avoid miss expectations by developing and maintaining communication channels with employees. Figure (1) shows some channels to communicate strategic information 1. 1 Efficient Intranet â€Å"The intranet is one of the best and most valuable tools available for employee communication. A company intranet can help employees and HR save time by giving employees instant access to contact lists, company policies, announcements, training opportunities, and benefits information. † (Business & Legal Reports, 2007a1, p. 1). However, â€Å"the company should take some steps to achieve this communication channel such as: update frequently, make it simple and easy, provide a search feature, track the usage, organize locally according to departments ad teams, provide a starting page for each department, include files, documents, policies, and procedures, list phone extensions and contact lists, allow for feedback forms, use a content management. † (Business & Legal Reports, 2007a1, p. 1-2). 1. 2 Open Book Management Style or Dissemination of strategic information Rubin, L. and Merripen, C.(2003) presented this practice which includes sharing information with employees for better understanding of management decisions. Employees became better informed about the business and feel more inclusive and entrepreneurial about their contribution and impact. Then employees moved their focus from just their job to looking at the company as a whole. † (p. 4) Collins, R. and Druten, K. V. (2003) â€Å"found a strong link between organizational performance over the past three years and the emphasis placed on communicating information to all members about the organization’s purpose, aspirations, strategy and performance. † Figure (1) shows some communication channels that managers and supervisors could use to communicate strategic information with employees. Figure (1): Channels to communicate strategic information Source: Collins, R. and Druten, K. V. (2003). Human Resources Management Practices 1. Determining Effective Orientation and Training Methods 2. 1 Best practices for effective orientation New employees orientation is important to facilitate the integration of new employees in the organization with understanding the organization’s culture, mission, vision and values. Orsini, B. (2000) presented some best practices for new employees orientation such as: â€Å"sessions for new employees to introduce them to the organization and provide them with an overview of the organizational mandate and structure, mentoring new employees by a staff member, profile of employee new to group by within a local newsletter or e-mail, and office tours as an opportunity to meet staff face-to-face and get a sense of what they do†. 2. 2 Best practices for effective training methods. Training nowadays is not a luxury anymore. Due to the competitive marketplace and the complexity of jobs, training became a necessity for surviving and competing for both organizations and employees. Recently. There is â€Å"much greater emphasis on training as a means to cultivate, motivate, and retain quality workers†. (Hays, S. W. , 2004, p. 261) â€Å"Operationally, supervisors and managers are responsible for ensuring their employees get the training they need and/or the opportunity to attend the training classes. † (Bjomberg, L. , 2002) 2. 2. 1 Learning for life Program To show how could such practice help the organization, it’s useful to mention a real case study. For example, â€Å"Honeywell Limited’s Scarborough factory developed a learning for life program to improve productivity and quality and reduce costs in an effort to remain competitive in the global economy. Eighty percent of the factory participated in this program and Honeywell has increased its factory throughput by 180% and improved the quality of its products by 92%†. (The Conference Board of Canada, 1998, p. 5) This innovative program â€Å"developed more productive employees, increased productivity, improved quality, effective collaborative decision-making, improved communication skills. † (The Conference Board of Canada, 1998, p. 5) 2. 2. 2 Other best practices The Conference Board of Canada (1998) presented many other best practices in training or workplace literacy such as: ? Empowering adult learners ? Excellence in workplace literacy? Skills for a stable workplace ? Literacy through e-learning ? Establishing a baseline for training ? Peer tutoring: employee helping employees Such practices has resulted in increased productivity, reduced staff turnover, enhanced performance, improved quality, effective collaborative decision-making, improved communication skills, in another word, it helped in creating a positive environment for both the employer and employees because benefits was achieved for both of them. 2. Improving Productivity for Teams Improving productivity for teams and for employees in general is the ultimate goal for all organizations to maximize the overall performance. And because we are talking about humans or employees, improving productivity should include creating a convenient environment that could help them to work productively.

Improving Communication on Overloaded Staff Essay

When the number of employees is to short compared to the tasks they have to accomplish, there is really a tendency to have overloaded employees which, in consequence, produce unaccomplished tasks. In the end, the burden only accumulates and the company shoulders them all. As the manager, I am not allowed to get more employees to distribute the tasks evenly. This worsens the case. The business went slow and things could worsen if more tasks are not done. It may even stop the business from recovering. As much as I would want my boss to understand the case, he cannot see the bigger picture and I am left with the problem all by myself. The first thing I would have to do would be to ask for our own office and I would transfer my office near the employees. That way, I could easily supervise them and the handing of the tasks won’t be difficult. I find that the reason why my staff doesn’t heed to my requests is that the requests I made are not personal. They could easily ignore my e-mail messages or even pretend that they do not receive the message which would be unusual because I should have received a message failure notice. If I could be there to personally hand in the tasks with the employees, I think, there would be no reason or, at least, less reasons why they would find it difficult to handle the task because there would be a free discussion among us. The information dissemination would be a lot easier. Any confusion and conflicts would also be easily resolved if I am present. The presence of a leader is important in any organization and in any activities of that organization. I also think that one reason why my staff feels overloaded is that they have been performing poorly. In the first place, I won’t be giving them tasks if I don’t think they would be able to finish it. As a manager, I have to be reasonable without compromising the desired outcome of our business. I will give them tasks one at a time so we could be sure that none of the tasks overlaps. That way, they won’t be able to complain about overloading. I’ve mentioned that they may have been performing poorly that is why there is task overload. I think that they fail to finish tasks on time or maybe, they would start on something new without finishing the previous tasks so tasks pile up. The solution to that would be good supervision. Supervision would allow us to see if the tasks are done at the specified time and if the tasks are already piling up. For accumulation of tasks, I’ve said that I will be giving tasks one at a time so it will never be a problem. If, in unavoidable circumstances, there would be a need to perform tasks simultaneously, I think I think I would have to apply my management skills. It may have been possible that the staff feels lax. It is because nobody supervises them. With the presence of an authority, they won’t be that lax. I think that the atmosphere in the office has not been good because none was there to lead. In my previous observation, I have also found that my staff doesn’t know how to prioritize. Making priorities would never be my problem because I have the skills in managing. I could do the prioritizing for them. The thing is, as a team, we won’t be that effective if only I do all the initiative and just pass on tasks on them. As a manager, I really do have the right to assign. However, as a leader, I also have the responsibility to put the drive on my subordinates. I have to turn them into passionate employees because as much as I try to lighten the burden on my employees, if they really do not enjoy what they are doing, we will have a difficulty in being productive. I have to influence them and even teach them management skills because everyone needs that. In essence, my presence in the office will allow me easy supervision among the employees.

Are We Living in a Surveillance Society?

We might think no one else either knows or cares what we get up to, as long as we compliance the law, unless we are a celebrity. But with massive development of technology, that is no longer the case and I totally agreed with the statement that we are living in a surveillance society. Moreover, I strongly believed that the level of surveillance will grow even further in the future. If we use loyalty cards or credit cards we can earn points and receive money off vouchers, but we also allow retailers keep data on what we've bought and where we've bought it. The money we spend on credit cards is also monitored to check for any unusual spending patterns, which could indicate the card has been stolen. With the increasingly sophisticated technology, using internet becomes a daily activities of most of the people especially those who live in town. However, when we use the internet, records are kept about what we've been searching for, that can help if we want to log back on and do a similar search, but sad to say, it also means the provider keeps detailed information about our surfing habits. The same thing happen when we use the Global Positioning System (GPS). It not only will guides us any destination that we want to go, but also alerts us to speed and traffic light cameras on the way  ¬ which record our progress. Besides, when we use our mobile to call anyone, this will be logged by the telephone company and could be used by police to locate where the phone was at the time. In short, if this issue continues to develope, we would not have any freedom again as our daily life will be monitored. Thus, I hope that appropiate steps should be taken to solve this problem before our life become no privacy at all.

Advantages and disadvantages of nationalising mines

Advantages and disadvantages of nationalising mines The Freedom Charter signed and preserved in June 1955 affirmed that the people shall share in the country’s wealth and more significantly ‘the mineral wealth below the soil, the banks, and monopoly industries shall be transferred to the ownership of the people as a whole†. There has been a lot of debate for the nationalisation of South African mines by members of the ANC who deem that it is now the ideal time to cement this item onto the ANC’s agenda for the 2012 Centenary Conference and for this to at last become government policy. According to a variety of reports, it is not the ANC’s national executive committee’s concern and as things stand today it is not government policy. Not everyone is as keen as Julius Malema to have mines nationalised (Mpho, 2011). Foreign investment has already declined due to Malema’s uncertain statements regarding the nationalisation of the South African mines. Advantages of nationalising mines A sector th at is nationalised, allows the government to have direct control over that sector. If the mining sector is nationalised, this would entice the government to sell more minerals within the South African borders rather than export these minerals to foreign countries. If mines were to be nationalised, then the revenue generated would be part of national revenue, and thus would benefit the entire country. Economic development and the total well being of the individual will be improved. South Africa has an unequal distribution of income, this extra revenue will allow government to redistribute income more equally, thus reducing poverty as well as lowering the unemployment rate. There will, however, be a substantial amount of legal and economic costs as well as costs which the government would have to face from the transferring of funds. All of these costs would occur in the short term, increasing government debt. However, in the long run, if the government flourishes, nationailasion of th e mines will benefit the entire nation. Disadvantages of nationailsation Nationalisation would create panic among foreign investors. South Africa has a history of state owned enterprises that haven’t been very successful, this would place more doubt in the mind of the foreign invertor. The mining sector, after nationalisation, could take a very long time to boast a profit. Resources are scarce, therefore during this time, resources may become depleted, resulting in huge losses for the South African economy. There are very large and vast costs that government would have to encounter if the mines of the country are nationalised. Some of these costs include the general operation and running of the mines, possible shutting down of the mines as well as developing the mines. If the government has not shown any signs of profit, these costs will still have to be incurred which could be detrimental to the economy and the well being of the individual South Afrrican. Debt of the governm ent would increase at tremendous rates and this will spill over and result in great fiscal deficits. Clive Coetzee, Kwazulu-Natal Treasury economist stated that the mining industry supports the four macroeconomic goals, economic growth, employment, a low inflation rate and a surplus in the balance of payments. He further states that in 2008 around 500 000 people were employed in the mining sector which contributes to 6, 1% of total non-agricultural formal employment. This is without the indirect effects of mining, if these effects are taken into account another 500 000 jobs are likely to exist. I believe that the private sector already has the necessary capital as well as human resource proficiency to maintain and sustain this sector. Therefore there is no reason to nationalize the mines in South Africa. Nationalisation has been tried in many countries. By looking at countries like Botswana, Zambia and Venezuela, one can clearly see that the nationalisation attempts of these countri es have failed.

Samsung Product Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Samsung Product Portfolio - Assignment Example In the home appliances category, it produces cookers, ovens air conditioners, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, and dishwashers. It also manufactures TVs, Speakers, Home theaters, TV/ audio/ video accessories, air track a, d Blu-ray. In the vast and growing area of information technology Samsung provides it consumers with mobile phones and, tablets, PC/ peripherals and printers, as well as, memory and storage devices. These items are produced in various and distinct models to meet the consumers requirements. For instance, Samsung India produces products for the middle and lower classes and provides them at a cheaper price (Krishnamacharyulu & Ramakrishnan, 2012). It achieves this by substituting different parts of a product with cheaper but durable material. Consequently, the company sells more electronic units at a cheaper price in India which is profitable for the company based on the low investment involved. Similarly, Samsung makes different models of phones to suit the needs and costs of its consumers. In Africa, there is a large demand for mobile phones for the purpose of communication. The large population of lower class consumers does not require phones that have sophisticated applications. Consequently, Samsung makes simple models for mobile phones to provide for this market. Nonetheless, it also provides smart phones with innovative technology for the same locations but for a different class of consumers. Samsung electronics is the most conglomerate among consumers. Any product development or investment should be made in the department. Samsung Electronics’ vision is becoming a globally recognized business leader by developing innovative technologies and enriching people’s lives. Its internal environment is designed to achieve this purpose. The company has a management structure that supports diversity.

Desertation questionaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Desertation questionaire - Essay Example Additional faculty would be required to cope with the changes and new curriculum would be added in Chinese language. The school has applied for grant from the state and is hopeful of receiving it. In the meantime the administrators would like a report incorporating the evaluation of the expansion process. The main expansion would be in the area of incorporating technology which would enhance the education system. Apart from this, the sports facilities and the gymnasium area were considered inadequate as the number of students has gone up. The question of expansion arose because it has been felt that students need to balance between studies and sports. To enhance the quality of the students, to make them capable of competing with others schools in the region, to improve the efficiency of the staff, to enhance teaching facilities for the faculty, expansion has been considered necessary. 2. Any decision is based on a body of knowledge. This body of knowledge is produced through research. By applying the appropriate methodologies and the research method, the body of knowledge can be established and advanced with confidence. Any research is valuable because research adds to the existing knowledge. Research helps to take decisions; research synthesizes information. Research methodology is the procedural framework within which the research is conducted. The methodology depends upon the topic to be researched and the specific research questions are the primary drivers. The research would attempt to find how the faculty and staff respond to the changes as a result of expansion. Any change brings resistance from the employees. Employees in an academic institution comprise of the teaching and non-teaching staff. The change could affect the educational system or the administration of the school. It is essential to evaluate the implications of change because it affects the

Bacterial Meningitis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bacterial Meningitis - Research Paper Example d deep kissing, suffer from chronic ear and nose infection, and who have contracted pneumococcal pneumonia are at a higher risk of developing this disease. This ailment is characterized by high fever, headaches, increasing drowsiness, and irritability. Immediate medical attention has to be obtained, upon suspecting the presence of this disease. In general, it is advisable to undergo hospitalization. The recommended therapy is to administer antibiotics. Despite the reported 10% fatality rate of this disease, early diagnosis and treatment have ensured recovery in the majority of the patients. The most common cause of meningitis is bacterial or viral infection that has commenced in some other region of the body. Some examples are, the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract. On occasion, meningitis results from autoimmune disorders, fungal infections, and medications. Bacterial meningitis proves to be contagious with regard to people who are in close physical contact (Johnson, 2013). The inflammation of the meninges or the membranes that enclose the spinal cord and the brain, constitutes bacterial meningitis. The cause of the inflammation is bacterial infection that can prove to be fatal. These bacteria are present in the mouth, nose, throat, and spread from an infected individual to another via coughing, osculation, or the sharing of food or beverages. This infection can also spread from an infection of the brain, ear, nose, sinus, or throat. Such infection can also be spread by a head injury or head surgery (Drugs.com, 2013). Among children and young adults, meningococcus or Neisseria meningitides, and Streptococcus pneumonia occur frequently. These are the principal causes of meningitis in the US, and there are vaccines available for Neisseria meningitides, and Streptococcus pneumonia. These vaccines have been recommended for all the people who are special risk. The bacteria tend to spread from individual to individual via coughing and sneezing (Johnson,

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Business law - Essay Example Moreover, her offer was published in a local newspaper, read by a large group of persons. Cheryl’s offer is unilateral as she â€Å"promised† in her advertisement to sell her minibuses to anyone who will pay  £15,000. Therefore, Cheryl made a legal conditional promise. On the other hand, there is the possibility, as it happened in Cheryl’s case, that more than one person will become interested in her offer and will be willing to accept it. Thus, it is necessary to clarify, judging by each person’s actions, who has the right to enter into a contract with Cheryl. The general rule of acceptance of an offer resulted from the case of Holwell Securities V Hughes 1974, where it was stated that the acceptance of one’s offer must be communicated to the offeror by the person that is accepting the offer in any possible way. Of course, the manifestation of the acceptance must be exteriorized, so that it is understood by the offeror. Moreover, the manifestation of accepting the offer must be linked to the offer itself and the offeror must receive the acceptance. There are several manners of accepting an offer: in written form, orally or by mail. In order to understand if Cheryl has a contract with any of the accepting parties, their manners of acceptance must be analyzed. The first person – Britney – told Cheryl she would let her know within the following week whether or not she would purchase the minibuses. The following week Britney accepted the purchase price of the black minibuses for  £15,000 by speaking to Cheryl directly. In the meantime, Cheryl made an offer via an e-mail for a reduced price of  £12,000 to her friend Amy, who agrees to purchase the minibuses on the condition that they are re-sprayed white. So, Amy made a cross offer, stating that she would accept Cheryl’s offer if this condition was respected. In the case of Tinn v Hoffmann & Co (1873) 29 LT 271 it was shown that cross offers do not lead to a binding

World bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World bank - Research Paper Example nd these objectives includes the decrease in the number of people who are living below the line of poverty which is set at $1.25/day (Worldbank.org, 2014). Its second objective is to attain growth of nations in a shared manner while increasing the growth of the income of the 40% of the people living on the lower end of the income line in all nations. The total numbers of nations that are members with the group of World Bank are 188 nations and these nations include nations from all four continents (Worldbank.org, 2014). Some of its member nations include United States of America, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, United Kingdom and 184 other nations . The primary products and services that are offered by the organization are financial in nature. These products and services includes, providing of loans at very inexpensive interest rates or even at zero rate of interest (Worldbank.org, 2014). The organization is involved in providing five different products as well as services. Its products and services includes Procedural Assistance in which it offers advice to member nation regarding policy issues, legal advice, advice regarding effective governance and others (Capannelli, 2014). Furthermore it provides advisory services that are reimbursable in nature in these services it provides advice and assistance to member nations in matters that may exceed the budget of the World Bank. The bank even partners with member organizations in order to provide them with research and analysis on different sectors of a nation (Capannelli, 2014). They do so in order to help them develop policies which can be used to attain sector growth. The organi zation even adopts the role of a coordinator between different donors such as the government and social work groups and while they provide these services, they even provide funds in partnerships with these donors in order to finance different projects. There are various projects in which the organization partners with members

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic management - Essay Example This development stresses the importance of crafting and implementing a competitive business strategy for Tesco’s to regain its market leadership. II. Company Overview: Tesco PLC Tesco is the largest retailer in Great Britain and the third largest supermarket in the world. Its market share in the UK retailing industry is 12.5% and it controls over 30% of the grocery market which is 75% dominated by four major players Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison (Dobson et al 2008). Tesco has 2,440 stores and has an employee of more than 4,000,000 people. Its online grocery store www.tesco.com is recognized as the world’s biggest online grocer in the world. It has its own-label products which accounts approximately 50% of its sale. III. Industry Analysis: PESTEL For any business enterprise to become more responsive to the changing demands of the market, it is imperative that it should be able to define its internal competence and resources and external environment as well so that it can devise a strategy where it can profit and regain its market position. The tools that will be used to define both the internal and external environment of Tesco are PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces and SWOT Analysis. PESTEL Analysis a. Political factor The liberalization of trade allowed other competitors to enter into market to compete with Tesco which contributed to its sales decline. In a report by Lyall, â€Å"foreign discounter such as Aldi and Lidl combined with an increased domestic rivalries appears to have blunted the edge Tesco had† (2011). b. Economic factor – perhaps this is the most significant factor in Tesco’s external environment that contributed to its underperforming sale in the first half of 2011. In Mintel’s May 2009 survey, it reported that 43 percent of consumers say â€Å"trying to add to my rainy day savings/emergency fund† (ProgressiveGrocer 2010). This was corroborated by a recent survey conducted by Mintel, who also reported that consumers today are more price conscious than previous years (Mintel 2011a). These development in the grocery made consumers to become more receptive more with foreign discounters because they are now more price conscious than before. c. Social factors Due to the recent economic crisis, consumers are now scaling down on their luxury expenditures and became more conscious on cost. This shift in consumer behavior affects Tesco because some of its consumers are switching to foreign discounters to save on grocery costs. d. Technological factors Technology is an important organizational competence that can enhance a company’s competetiveness. It enhances a company’s competitiveness by being more responsive to customers’ needs and being more efficient. In the case of Tesco, its technological investment in 2009, particularly its in-house designed supply chain application enabled it to increase the availability of its stock and reduced warehouse stock ing resulting in the more efficient operation of its warehouse. e. Environmental factors To date, Tesco does not have any environmental issues and this factor did not contribute to Tesco’s underperforming sale. f. Legislative factors If there is any recent legislative factor that has an utmost relevance to Tesco today, that would be the passing of the Tesco Law on October 06, 2011 which has been named after the chain store. The

Technology and Management Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and Management Functions - Essay Example Secure Call Management was basically a call center operation prior to acquiring the Image Project. As a call center technology played a huge role as well in the day to day operations. The manager of the call center would utilize satellite image transfer to create virtual meetings with salespeople across national and international boundaries. The wireless internet service the company utilized for its requirements of communication with field employees allow anyone to connect to the internet from any remote location. When the iPhone came out on June 29, 2007 it was suggested that they could replaced the current practice due to its smart phone capabilities, but using a laptop computer was more practical because the iPhone inter phase did not allow for a professional to work efficiently (Timesonline, 2007). When the image project started the team was given an open space. We had to build the infrastructure necessary from scratch. The project manager utilized the designing software, Alibre Cad, to create the facilities layout. The twelve members of the team received a PDA that displayed the design. We had to build 150 small office modules for the workers. It took us approximately four to complete the construction project. Whenever there were any minor design changes the PDA which were connected to the company wi-fi system would enable us to see the changes and change our work specifications accordingly. The next stage of the project was the installation of the computers. The firm bought 200 new dell computers. The project manager showed us a delivery confirmation slip that he retrieved from the UPS website. It said the computers would arrive at 12:10 P.M. on a Sunday. Good news for us it meant we would get paid some good overtime on a Sunday for our work. The computers arrived on time. T he manager was able to accelerate work because he had information he obtained thanks to technological advancements that were not available in the past. We had installed all the

The True Face of Beauty Essay Example for Free

The True Face of Beauty Essay When you look in the mirror what do you see? Obviously you see yourself, but do you see yourself as you truly are? Studies show that most women see themselves as less than they really are. The majority of the population of women in this world are constantly pointing out their flaws, leaving out all the beautiful things about themselves. Everyone has beauty within them even if it isnt visible at first glance. When asked what a beautiful woman looks like, a majority of the population will describe a Photo Shopped model theyve seen in a magazine. These people are myths, they don actually exist. There is not one person in this world that is perfect and thats OK because our flaws, strengths and weaknesses are what differentiate each and everyone of us to the rest of the world. Media doesnt have the right to label beauty to a certain image, because there isnt an image that shows all the different races, cultures and ethnicity. Also, you can forget about defining true beauty. Like a picture, a definition cannot possibly describe all the different characteristics that make a person beautiful. Most people see inner beauty as a joke. Which makes sense because if you cant see it who knows if it really exists. Men usually say that theyre attracted to someone because of the their looks but thats not entirely true. They first look at a girl because of their looks but the attraction, that comes after they first talk to her. Thats why first impressions are so important, but dont judge too quickly because (quoting from Facebook), The girl you just called fat? She has been starving herself and has lost over 30lbs. The girl you just called ugly? She spends hours putting make-up on hoping people will like her. There are a few more but they arent relevant. Just to say that you shouldnt be to quick to judge. Talk to a person and get to know them and their story. At that point you can start forming your opinion on them. Fashion is another issue when it comes to beauty. Since when does the clothes we wear determine if were beautiful or not . People need to stop judging. Our clothes determine our personal preferences and sometimes a bit of our personality. If a piece of clothing was made, there has to be at least one other person, somewhere in the world that also liked it. It has come to the point where even religious women are being judged by what they wear. If a Muslim woman believes that the burqa or hijab should be worn, then she should have the right to wear it without being criticized. Clothing, judgment, race, religion, culture and ethnicity shout not be the only factors that categorizes you as beautiful. Like the the word says, you need to BE-YOU to be beautiful.

Judging Means Forming An Opinion Philosophy Essay

Judging Means Forming An Opinion Philosophy Essay Judging means forming an opinion or conclusion about the subject it self, in this case it s a person that were judging. This action requiers a lot of responsibility, it takes a short time to judges a person, but it needs quite long time to make it right. When it comes to the first judgment of a persons character, many people the appearance as their criterian. However, in my point of view, this is not a wise to make the real judgment of a person. Ussualy people conclude poeple so fast becuase they are looking from the outside. You know what the said dont judge the books by its cover. Meaning that by looking at a book you think it is bad when you didnt even read the prologue yet or even the back of the book. This quote tell you to judge people from their personality, just like judging a book people wont read if the cover page is ugly and that is the mistakes that they are making. The point is judging people from their first imperssion is not wrong, but it ussually does, why dont you g ive him or her a chance. Taking a conclusion of someone may set your mind forever about that person and you wont know tha truth about that person unless you giver him or her a chance and you will change your mind either making it better or worse. This are some reasons why you shouldnt judge people on their first impression;Your opinion might be wrong. As i said before you may miss judge them. judging people before you know them starts nothing but drama. The bible it self said that Do not judge by appearances, but judge with right judgment from John 7:24. Assuming is technically different from knowing. You never know one day that person may be the one you have to rely on! They might change over time. People in this life always changes either better or worse. eople act different from others and some people have their own kind of way of gestures. Things are not always how they seem, or how we think we see them. It is always a good policy to not only give the benefit of the doubt, but to get all the facts before we rush to judgment about people and situations. Another good policy is to remember that everything is not about us. Another persons attitude, body language, comments, beliefs, etc may not have anything at all to do with us personally; and may have absolutely everything to do with them and what is going on in their own life. Time is needed to came up with a precise conclusion , People act different from others and some people have their own kind of way of gestures. Not everyone is born the same, that is why it makes every one unique in their own way. First impressions arent a good thing and it shouldnt be done. You have to get to know the person first before you judge them! Once you get to know the person, then you can judge them by who they are. It takes more time and effort to really get to know a person before judging them.   Im not sure if we can totally override our preconceptions, but I think we must try to quiet them while we delve deeper.   The color of a persons skin shouldnt matter nor should their age, sex, weight, or what clothes they wear.   There are many interesting, smart, and valuable people that dont fit the mold that our society has created.   It is up to us to decide how we will judge people. Dont be Mr. I know every things and asume that you are always right. There is only on e lawgiver and judge, he who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor? James 4:12. You may judges others un-fairly just to justify you own ego. Your ego may affects how you judges others. Considering that everyone can have a bad day, people ussualy leting themself judge beyond that. You may miss the bigest part if you take point to early. You couldnt realy know what is insideem. Above all do we realy need to judge people ? many people waste their time in jugding people. we spend a lot of time judging people then we are wasting the time we have that we could be enjoying them, or loving them. They dont even think about them self. I am not saying that is wrong to judge others but at least you should concertrate on your self rather than keep comment on someone else. It is human nature to judge others based upon initial impressions. We may pretend that it is otherwise, however, we all form first impressions which are difficult to undo in our minds. We may train ourselves to open our minds and not allow our first impressions to close doors; however it remains in our nature to judge. If we use our intellect rather than our emotional response we will remain open too learning about people despite our first impressions, even find that we were mistaken in our initial judgments. There are many things about a person that we judge based upon our life experiences that have no relevance to theirs, this often leads to mistakes. There is also the issue of what is within the control of the person that we are meeting for the first time and what is outside of their control. Leaping to judgment based upon our own experiences and expectations can only lead too lost opportunities that enrich our lives. In short its better if we don not judge people, but if it is necessary dont judge them in their first impression.